芸豆凝集素受体在小鼠生殖细胞上的分布及作用研究

[目的]探讨芸豆凝集素（PHA）受体在小鼠精子和卵母细胞上的分布及作用。[方法]应用异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的芸豆凝集素作为分子探针,确定其PHA受体在小鼠精子和卵母细胞上的分布。通过不同浓度PHA处理精子和卵母细胞,研究PHA预处理对精子获能和顶体反应,以及对卵母细胞FITC—PHA染色的影响。l结果]PHA受体主要表达于小鼠精子整个尾部区域和顶体反应后的头部质膜,2mg／mlPHA预处理有抑制顶体反应的作用;卵母细胞透明带和细胞膜都有PHA受体的存在。不同浓度PHA处理卵母细胞对其透明带阿FTIC—PHA染色影响不大,但对其细胞膜染色有较大影响,且不同浓度之间差异明显。[结论]芸豆凝集素受体是小鼠精子和卵母细胞受体的重要组成部分,且在精卵质膜融合过程中发挥重要作用。     

Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Rheum palmatum Linn has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has been found that emodin as the major bioactive component of R. palmatum L exhibits the competency to activate peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in vitro. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of emodin through the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with emodin for three weeks. No changes of food consumption and the body weight in emodin-treated mice were monitored daily during the entire experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were significantly decreased after emodin treatment. However, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration was significantly elevated. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in emodin-treated group were significantly improved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARγ and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. No effects on the mRNA expressions of PPARα and PPARα-target genes were observed. Taken together, the results suggested that the activation of PPARγ and the modulation of metabolism-related genes were likely involved in the anti-diabetic effects of emodin.     

Effect of Estradiol-17β on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures

Although androgenic and estrogenic steroids are widely used to enhance muscle growth and increase feed efficiency in feedlot cattle, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Further, in vivo studies indicate that estradiol (E2) affects muscle protein synthesis and/or degradation, but in vitro results are inconsistent. We have examined the effects of E2 treatment on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Additionally, to learn more about the mechanisms involved in E2-enhanced muscle growth, we have examined the effects of compounds that interfere with binding of E2 or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to their respective receptors on E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation rates in BSC cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with E2 results in a concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in protein synthesis rate and a decrease (P < 0.05) in protein degradation rate. The pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182 780 suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in fused BSC cultures. The G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)-30 agonist G1 does not affect either synthesis or degradation rate, which establishes that GPR30 does not play a role in E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis or degradation. JB1, a competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 binding to the Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation. In summary, our data show that E2 treatment directly alters both protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused BSC cultures via mechanisms involving both the classical estrogen receptor (ER) and IGFR-1.     

1—2月龄荷斯坦奶牛不同组织中FMDV受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA转录水平的相对定量研究

【目的】建立检测牛口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA相对转录水平的实时定量PCR方法,分析受体αvβ3和αvβ6在不同器官组织中的转录水平。【方法】在对牛FMDV受体基因克隆和测序的基础上,设计实时定量PCR引物,以GAPDH为内参基因,采用△△Ct相对定量PCR方法检测分析FMDV受体亚基αv、β3、β6 mRNA在1—2月龄荷斯坦奶牛体内不同器官组织中的转录表达谱。【结果】αvβ3在荷斯坦奶牛24种组织中均有不同程度的转录表达;αvβ6在甲状腺、硬腭、鼻内皮、喉头、肺、食管、肾、后蹄冠状带等组织表达量较高,在唇、舌皮、软腭、气管、心脏、瘤胃、直肠、前蹄冠状带等组织转录表达量适中,在唾液腺、下颌淋巴结、肝、脾、肌肉等组织未检测到表达;αvβ6在牛体内的表达分布与FMDV组织嗜性基本一致,αvβ6受体可能是决定FMDV组织嗜性的主要功能受体,αvβ3的组织分布似乎与FMDV组织嗜性无关,但不能排除αvβ3在病毒感染过程中的作用。【结论】建立了检测FMDV受体亚基mRNA在不同器官组织中表达水平的相对实时定量PCR方法。     

花生凝集素受体在兔子宫内的分布与激素调节

采用组织化学方法对花生凝集素(peanut aggutinin,PNA)受体在兔发情周期和早期妊娠子宫内的分布以及雌、孕激素对其表达的影响进行了研究.结果显示,PNA受体主要存在于兔子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮,其表达量随妊娠阶段的不同而发生变化,PNA受体在休情期、发情期及妊娠第1天的兔子宫内未见表达,在妊娠第2至第4天时表达量逐渐增加,且在妊娠第3至4天时表达量最高,此后,在妊娠第5至7天时表达量逐渐减少,妊娠第7天时,着床区子宫内PNA受体的表达量略高于非着床区.假孕兔子宫内PNA受体的表达与正常妊娠时相似.注射孕酮可促进卵巢切除后兔子宫内膜PNA受体的表达,而注射雌激素对其表达有明显抑制作用.结果表明,PNA受体在兔子宫内的分布与着床前胚胎与子宫内膜之间的黏附有关,PNA受体在兔子宫内的表达受母体分泌的孕酮和雌激素所调节.     

Imidacloprid resistance and its mechanisms in field populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål in China

Imidacloprid is a key insecticide universally used for control of brown planthopper (BPH), and its resistance had been studied previously with laboratory selected strains. When the failure in field control happened in China in 2005, imidacloprid resistance in field populations of BPH (AQ, NJ, GL and WJ) was monitored and studied. The results demonstrated that the BPH of field populations had developed moderate to high level of resistance to imidacloprid. This resistance is attributed mainly to the enhanced P450 monooxygenases detoxification and could be enhanced in the same growing season if the insecticide was sprayed over and over. Further studies revealed that imidacloprid resistant hoppers did not show cross-resistance to all the neonicotinoid insecticides and high level of imidacloprid resistance in BPH was very unstable. Thus, efficient substitute neonicotinoids could be selected and “window control” could be implemented in resistance management. For checking the resistance mutation previously reported in laboratory selected strains, new corresponding target subunit genes were cloned and sequenced, but no mutations were found associated consistently with resistance.     

新烟碱类杀虫剂的结构修饰及相关作用机制研究进展

新烟碱类化合物主要作用于昆虫的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)。概述了新烟碱类杀虫剂的结构特征,阶段性地总结了近几年基于昆虫nAChRs结构,对新烟碱类化合物的杂环部分和功能基团进行结构修饰和改造的代表性研究成果,概要介绍了这些新化合物与昆虫nAChRs之间的相互作用机制,有助于进一步探索和开发高活性的新烟碱类化合物。     

杀虫剂分子靶标烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体研究进展

昆虫烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,nAChRs)广泛分布于昆虫中枢神经系统,是杀虫剂作用的主要靶标。目前昆虫中该受体的天然亚基组成尚不完全明确。果蝇的任意α亚基与脊椎动物的一个β亚基共表达是目前最好的异源表达模型,但仍然急需新的研究工具,研究表明一些与受体相关的蛋白质影响着表达。胞内磷酸化的调节作用为今后受体药理学特性的研究提供了新方向。受体亚基上一些关键氨基酸在新烟碱杀虫剂对受体的选择作用中起重要作用。在对吡虫啉抗性的褐飞虱种群中找到了与抗性相关的突变位点,这为新烟碱类杀虫剂靶标不敏感性研究提供了直接证据。对昆虫烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的分子多样性、功能表达、胞内调节机制、受体与杀虫剂的选择作用及其抗性分子机理等的研究进展进行了综述。     

斜纹夜蛾普通气味结合蛋白ⅠcDNA的克隆及在原核细胞中的表达

 【目的】克隆、序列分析和原核表达编码斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）GOBPⅠ（SlGOBPⅠ）的cDNA。【方法】采用同源克隆结合RACE的方法克隆SlGOBPⅠ基因的cDNA序列,并在 pET-32a/BL21（DE3）系统中进行原核表达。【结果】从斜纹夜蛾触角中克隆了GOBPⅠ的cDNA序列（GenBank登录号为EU086372）,序列分析表明,SlGOBPⅠ开放阅读框序列为495 bp,编码164个氨基酸,分子量为19.3 kD,等电点为5.54。SlGOBPⅠ具有昆虫气味结合蛋白的典型特征,即氨基酸序列中具有 6个半胱氨酸残基,呈酸性。SlGOBPⅠ氨基酸序列与鳞翅目昆虫的气味结合蛋白氨基酸序列具有较高的相似性,表明SlGOBPⅠ属于GOBP家族。将SlGOBPⅠ编码序列,克隆到表达载体pET-32 a上,构建原核表达载体pET-SlGOBPⅠ,在表达宿主菌BL21（DE3）中,经IPTG诱导成功表达了相对分子质量为32.0 kD的可溶性融合蛋白,利用Ni2+-NTA亲和柱一步纯化了SlGOBPⅠ融合蛋白,以此融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备了SlGOBPⅠ的抗血清,ELISA滴度为1﹕5 000,Western印迹检测结果显示,SlGOBPⅠ抗血清与表达的融合蛋白质呈阳性反应,表明所表达的融合蛋白保持原有的免疫原性。【结论】克隆、分析和表达了编码斜纹夜蛾气味结合蛋白GOBPⅠcDNA 序列,为今后深入研究斜纹夜蛾GOBPⅠ基因的结构和功能奠定了基础。